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Short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs) are of two to six .

(1999). 9780121348366, Academic Press. .
Derived from of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric acid. Butyrate is the main energy source of , making them crucial to health. SCFAs all possess varying degrees of water solubility, which distinguishes them from longer chain fatty acids that are immiscible.

List of SCFAs
C2:0Ethanoic acidEthanoate 60.05
C3:0Propanoic acidPropanoate 74.08
C4:0Butanoic acidButanoate 88.11
C4:02-Methylpropanoic acid2-Methylpropanoate 88.11
C5:0Pentanoic acidPentanoate 102.13
C5:0Isovaleric acid3-Methylbutanoic acid3-Methylbutanoate 102.13
C5:02-Methylbutyric acid2-Methylbutanoic acid2-Methylbutanoate2-Methylbutanoate 102.13

Functions
SCFAs are produced when is fermented in the colon. Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the three most common SCFAs. SCFAs and medium-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the during ,
(2026). 9781893997127, The American Oil Chemists Society.
while long-chain fatty acids are packed into , enter , then transfer to the blood at the .

SCFAs have diverse roles in body functions, affecting the production of lipids, energy, and vitamins. Butyric acid supports health as the primary energy source for colonocytes – the epithelial cells of the colon. The liver can use acetate for energy.

See also
  • List of carboxylic acids
  • Medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides
  • Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 13 to 21 carbons
  • Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 22 or more carbons
  • Odd-chain fatty acid

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